Start by chopping the cauliflower into similar-sized small florets for uniform cooking.
In a large mixing bowl, combine the flour, water, garlic powder, onion powder, smoked paprika, salt, and black pepper, whisking until the mixture is smooth but thick enough to coat.
Dunk each cauliflower floret into the batter, making sure they’re completely covered; gently shake off extra batter before air frying.
Heat your air fryer to 375°F (190°C) and spray the basket lightly with cooking spray.
Arrange the coated cauliflower in a single layer inside the air fryer basket, avoiding overlap; cook in batches if needed.
Cook the cauliflower for 12 to 15 minutes, giving the basket a good shake halfway through to crisp all sides evenly.
While the cauliflower cooks, stir together the buffalo sauce and melted butter in a bowl until blended.
Once cooked, transfer the cauliflower to a large bowl and drizzle the buffalo sauce mixture on top, tossing to coat each piece thoroughly.
Serve right away with ranch or blue cheese dip and celery sticks for a classic touch.